Nano Hydroxyapatite powder is a remarkable material with diverse applications due to its biocompatibility and structural similarity to human bone.
Nano Hydroxyapatite powder, represented by the chemical formula [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2], mimics human bone and offers immense potential across various domains. Whether in oral care, bone health, or environmental remediation, Nano Hydroxyapatite powder continues to shape innovative solutions.
We are a new era manufacturer, Stockist, Supplier, Dealer, Exporter of Nano Hydroxyapatite Powder in India for critical applications in toothpastes, hydroxyapatite crystals, hydroxyapatite amazon, bone, bone graft, for teeth, floss, flouride, hydroxyapatite nano wires, nanoparticles synthesis, nhap, nha toothpaste, hydroxyapatite osteoinductive, hydroxyapatite whitening, hydroxyapatite whitening toothpaste, nano hydroxyapatite powder for teeth
Nano Hydroxyapatite powder, having chemical formula [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2], (nHA or nHAP) is a synthetic nanocrystalline material, acicular in shape, devoid of animal origin, biocompatible with diverse applications.
TOOTITE: TOOTITE-40 is a synthetic nano material, biocompatible, structurally similar to human bone powder which is used in manufacture of oral care products like toothpastes, toothpowders, mouthwashes, mouthwash tablets for the purpose of remineralization of tooth, treat dentin hypersensitivity & lesions of tooth enamel.
TOOTITE-40 manufactured by us has average crystallite size of 20-40 nm has no adverse side effects on cells & in fact helps cell proliferation when tested using standards of ISO 10993-5-2009 & 10993-12-2012.
On the other hand, TOOTITE-M100 is a spherical shaped, micro hydroxyapatite powder and it is used in combination with TOOTITE-40 in toothpastes to allow gentle abrasion cleaning of teeth rather than using harsher abrasives like calcium carbonate etc.
COSMETITE: A brand of nano hydroxyapatite is used in making facewash formulations
SOILTITE: A brand of nano hydroxyapatite used in soil remediation
BONITE: is a brand of nano hydroxyapatite usedfor bone artificial bone (bone grafts), bone scaffolds (for bone defect reconstruction).
Nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) is a fascinating material with diverse applications, particularly in dentistry. Let’s delve into the details:
Composition and Origin:
Nano-hydroxyapatite is a naturally occurring mineral found in our teeth and bones. It constitutes 60 to 70% of human hard tissues, including bones, and up to 90% of tooth enamel.
Originally developed by NASA in the 1970s, nHA was intended to help astronauts maintain healthy teeth and bones during space missions. Scientists discovered that creating nano-sized hydroxyapatite particles allowed them to strengthen the body’s natural hydroxyapatite structures.
Applications:
Implantology: In implantology, nHAp is used as a coating material for titanium implants. Its effects are assessed in terms of osteointegration, inflammatory response, and antibacterial activity.
Tissue Engineering: nHA is employed in surgery and periodontology as a grafting material.
Esthetics and Prevention:
Dentinal Hypersensitivity Treatment: nHAp is used to address tooth sensitivity.
Remineralization Potential: It aids in remineralizing teeth.
Bleaching Co-agent: nHAp plays a role in teeth whitening.
Safety Considerations:
While nHAp seems promising due to its natural presence in the body, we must remember that we’re dealing with nanoparticles.
Animal studies have raised concerns:
Lab rats fed high amounts of nHAp experienced cardiac and respiratory arrest at high doses.
Surviving animals showed signs of lung congestion and fatty degeneration of the liver.
Conclusion:
Nano-hydroxyapatite is a relatively novel material with remarkable properties. It outperforms classic materials in implantology and surgery.
Hydroxyapatite is a remarkable mineral with several benefits, particularly for dental health. Let’s explore its advantages:
Biocompatible & Bioactive:
Hydroxyapatite is biologically identical to the material found in human bones and teeth.
It provides structural hardness and integrity to our teeth and bones.
When used in dental care, it supports the replenishment of essential minerals in tooth enamel, contributing to healthier and stronger teeth without synthetic additives.
Osteoconductive:
Hydroxyapatite is osteoconductive, meaning that bone tissue can grow onto its surface.
This property aids in repairing hard tissue in the body, making it valuable for dental surgeries and bone implants.
Non-Toxic:
Hydroxyapatite is non-toxic and does not cause inflammation.
When used in toothpaste, it helps prevent cavities and reduce dentin sensitivity.
Cosmetic Applications:
Hydroxyapatite has been formulated as an injectable skin filler approved by the FDA.
It is used to cosmetically treat wrinkles and facial fat loss in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
In summary, Hydroxyapatite offers a natural and effective way to support dental health and strengthen teeth.
Nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA), when used in dental care, offers several benefits for teeth remineralization and overall oral health. Here’s how you can use it:
Toothpaste with Hydroxyapatite:
Look for toothpaste containing hydroxyapatite. It’s available in various brands and formulations.
Brush your teeth as you normally would, using a pea-sized amount of hydroxyapatite toothpaste.
The synthetic nHA in the toothpaste forms a protective barrier on your teeth surfaces.
This barrier helps defend against sugars and acids that can erode enamel and cause cavities.
Additionally, it fills in tiny cracks or fissures in your teeth, reducing sensitivity and preventing bacterial infiltration.
Hydroxyapatite Tooth Powder:
You can also find hydroxyapatite in powder form.
Mix a small amount of the powder with water to create a paste.
Apply the paste to your teeth using a toothbrush.
Brush your teeth thoroughly, paying attention to all surfaces.
Rinse your mouth afterward.
The hydroxyapatite in the paste helps strengthen enamel and promotes remineralization.
Benefits of Hydroxyapatite:
Food Waste Removal: Like any toothpaste, hydroxyapatite toothpaste physically removes food residue and bacteria from your mouth.
Antibacterial Properties: It forms a shield against bacteria, making your teeth more resistant to plaque.
Decreased Sensitivity: If you have sensitive teeth, hydroxyapatite strengthens enamel and reduces sensitivity by filling in cracks.
Remember that consistent oral hygiene practices, including regular brushing, flossing, and professional dental check-ups, are essential for maintaining healthy teeth and gums.
Let’s explore the efficacy of nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp) powder:
Remineralization:
nHAp has shown promise in remineralizing tooth enamel.
It helps replenish essential minerals like calcium and phosphate, strengthening teeth.
Studies suggest that nHAp toothpaste can reduce dentin hypersensitivity and promote enamel repair.
Anti-Cavity Properties:
By forming a protective layer on teeth, nHAp toothpaste may help prevent cavities.
Its antibacterial properties contribute to maintaining oral health.
Clinical Evidence:
While research is ongoing, some studies demonstrate positive effects of nHAp in implants and bone grafts.
In dentistry, nHAp-based products are gaining popularity.
Hydroxyapatite Nanowires, HAPNOW, have exceptional non-flammability, unparalleled flame retardant, fire resistant and thermal stability, making it an ideal shield against intense heat of fire. It can also be used to make thermosensitive sensors.
Graphene oxide, AIGO, exhibits fascinating thermal sensitivity. It is normally electrically insulating at room temperature, but it swiftly transitions to a conductive state when exposed to high temperatures. This characteristic enables the making of graphene oxide (AIGO) based sensors to detect changes in heat effectively, helping to trigger an alarm system in case of fire after making suitable connections. Simply modifying the AIGO with dopamine can increase thermal responsiveness.
Seamless integration of HAPNOW (along with glass fibers) & AIGO allows one to explore the possibility of using to make wall papers which are fire resistant and yet strong, if there is fire, they would trigger an alarm making them a key safety feature. The large area coverage of HAPNOW on the surface of glass fibers & the homogeneous embedding of glass fibers in a HAPNOW framework makes the paper exceptionally strong.
Both these materials are in a powder form & they can be crafted into flexible and customizable aesthetic forms of wall papers which are pleasing yet highly functional for interior decor solutions providing robust fire protection system.
Hydroxyapatite Nanowires, HAPNOW, providers exceptional properties, particularly in enhancing fire resistance and waterproof characteristics.
Hydroxyapatite nanowires HAPNOW impart excellent thermal stability, making them ideal for fire-resistant materials like fire-resistant paper pulp formulations, anti-counterfeiting paper, forgery-proof documents, certificates, labels, tags, packaging materials, veneers, cellulose based products & many more. Innovative paper properties also provide high flexibility, good processability, writing and printing abilities & tunable emission colour.
The surface chemistry of Hydroxyapatite nanowires HAPNOW ensures effective water resistance. Their ability to form stable composites with other materials not only enhances fire resistance but also improves waterproof characteristics, ensuring durability under moisture exposure.
HAPNOW has diameters of about 10 nm & ultralong length of 100 µm up to several hundred microns & these are interwoven forming a porous network.
High aspect ratio of ultralong HAPNOW, up to above 10,000, make them flexible.
HAPNOW are inherently non-flammable and can withstand high temperatures, protecting the thermosensitive sensor. The paper is highly fire-resistant, maintaining its structural integrity even in flames.
HAPNOW fire-resistant paper is highly flexible, and it can endure physical deformation such as twisting, bending, folding, and curling and maintain its structural integrity without damage.
HAPNOW fire-resistant paper are biocompatible and safe for use in interior decorations.
It can be used in environments where precise temperature control is crucial, such as laboratories or data centers.
The wallpaper could be integrated with smart home systems to provide real-time alerts and automated responses in case of fire.
It can be installed in public buildings like schools, hospitals, and offices to enhance fire safety measures.
Factories and warehouses could benefit from this technology to prevent fire hazards and ensure worker safety.
Smart Fire Alarm Wallpaper that combines fire-resistant Hydroxyapatite Nanowire (HAPNOW) and Graphene Oxide (AIGO) thermosensitive sensors. This wallpaper not only prevents fire spread but also sends out alerts during a fire. The sensor transitions from an electrically insulated state to a conductive one at high temperatures, triggering alarms. The wallpaper is flexible, mechanically robust, and can be dyed and printed, making it suitable for high-safety interior decoration.
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East Garo Hills, East Khasi Hills, Jaintia Hills,Ri Bhoi,South Garo Hills,West Khasi Hills, Williamnagar, Shillong, Jowai, Nongpoh , Baghmara, Tura, Nongstoin, West Garo Hills, Shillong Cantonment, Jawai, Nongthymmai.
Thoubal, Imphal East, Imphal West, Senapati, Ukhrul, Chandel, Churachandpur, Tamenglong, Nambol, Imphal, Jiribam, Bishnupur, Moreh, Kakching.
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Bilaspur, Chamba, Hamirpur, Kangra, Kinnaur,Kullu,Lahaul & Spiti, Mandi, Shimla , Sirmaur, Solan, Una, Baddi, Sheetalpur , Sundar Nagar, Sirmour, Pataliyon, Una, Indora, Bari, Damtal, Mehatpur, Gagret, Parwano, Barotiwala, Shamshi, Nagrotu Bagwan,Sansar Pur Tera, Solan, Mandi, Hamirpur, Shogi, Raga-Ka-Bagh, Ambi, Taliwala, Keylong.
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Bhiwani, Charkhi Dadri, Faridabad, Fatehabad, Gurugram, Hisar, Jhajjar, Jind, Kaithal, Karnal, Kurukshetra, Mahendragarh, Nuh, Palwal, Panchkula, Panipat, Rewari, Rohtak, Sirsa, Sonipat, Yamunanagar, Ladwa, Indri, Punahana, Siwani, Asandh, Raipur Rani, Ateli, Barwala, Kheri Sampla, Hodal, Ratiya, Kalka, Narayangarh, Uklana Mandi, Bahadurgarh, Tauru, Gohana, Rania, Pundri, Dharuhera, Ballabgarh, Pehowa, Gurgaon, Ghraunda, Tohana, Kanina, Narwana, Narnaund, Gannaur, Shahabad, Pinjaur, Dabwali, Chita, Samalkha, Hansi, Safidon, Taraori, Kharkhoda, Bawal, Thanesar, Kalanwali, Ellenabad, Loharu, Jagadhri, Radaur, Nilokheri, Maham, Kundli, Bilaspur, Sohna, Ambala Cantt, Narnaul, Farrukhnagar, Firozpur Jhirka, Julana, Beri,Ambala
Ringas, Sirohi, Jhalawar, Bhasawar, Khairthal, Didwana, Bari Sadri, Napasar, Chittorgarh, Kherwara Chhaoni, Kota, Ratangarh, Bharatpur, Barmer, Chhabra, Raisinghnagar, Pushkar, Mangrol, Kumbhalgarh, Bilara, Kuchaman, Chhoti Sadri, Sambhar, Suratgarh, Churu, Asind, Nawalgarh, Kankroli, Raipur, Rajgarh, Aklera, Devgarh, Dausa, Khetri, Pilani, Jaisalmer, Pali, Beawar, Ramgarh, Sangariya, Udpura, Pipar, Nimaj, Vijainagar, Abu Road, Bagru, Bundi, Shahpura, Indragarh, Sumerpur,Balotra, Baswa, Sunel, Gothra, Mount Abu, Surajgarh, Sujangarh, Pratapgarh, Ratan Nagar, Karauli, Dholpur, Chirawa, Bali, Marwar, Gangapur, Ladnun, Hindaun, Swaroopganj, Nathdwara, Deoli, Jhunjhunun, Rajsamand, Kapasan, Kishangarh, Rani, Nasirabad, Bhadra, Neemrana, Bandikui, Jaiselmer, Bikaner, Rawatbhata, Amet, Salumbar, Jhalrapatan, Falna, Rawatsar, Taranagar, Sagwara, Neem Ka Thana, Lakheri, Begun, Padampur, Dungarpur, Udaipur, Chomun, Basi, Phalodi, Pokaran, Bahror, Sardarshahr, Sikar, Jodhpur, Anupgarh, Lachhmangarh, Makrana, Chhipa Barod, Bhinmal, Kekri, Bari, Bhilwara, Jaitaran, Sriganganagar, Nawa, Kuchera, Alwar, Pilibanga, Mandawar, Kaman, Niwai, Pindwara, Jalore, Merta, Newa Talai, Sheoganj, Sojat Road, Hanumangarh, Sawai Madhopur, Ramganj Mandi, Fatehnagar, Kot Putli, Nokha, Nagar, Baran, Nohar, Bhawani Mandi, Ajmer, Nimbahera, Sojat, Malpura, Lalsot, Jaipur, Rajakhera, Bijoliya Kalan, Nagaur, Madanganj, Bhawri, Ganganagar, Raniwara, Mundwa, Sadulshahar, Sadri, Tijara, Phulera, Fatehpur, Banswara, Bhiwadi, Bayana, Sanchor, Tonk.
Aligarh, PrayagRaj, Ambedkar Nagar, Amroha, Auraiya, Azamgarh, Badaun, Bahraich, Ballia, Balrampur, Banda District, Barabanki, Bareilly, Basti, Bijnor, Bulandshahr, Chandauli(Varanasi Dehat), Chitrakoot, Deoria, Etah, Etawah, Faizabad, Farrukhabad, Fatehpur, Firozabad, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Ghaziabad, Ghazipur, Gonda, Gorakhpur, Hamirpur, Hapur District, Hardoi, Hathras, Jaunpur District, Jhansi, Kannauj, Kanpur Dehat, Kanpur Nagar, Kasganj, Kaushambi, Kushinagar, Lakhimpur Kheri, Lalitpur, Lucknow, Maharajganj, Mahoba, Mainpuri, Mathura, Mau, Meerut, Mirzapur, Moradabad, Muzaffarnagar, Pilibhit, Pratapgarh, Rae Bareli, Rampur, Saharanpur, Sant Kabir Nagar, Sant Ravidas Nagar, Sambhal, Shahjahanpur, Shamli, Shravasti, Siddharthnagar, Sitapur, Sonbhadra, Sultanpur, Unnao, Varanasi (Kashi), Allahabad, Amethi, Bagpat, Baheri, Bilsi, Bilaspur, Maghar, Chandausi, Mubarakpur, Palia Kalan, Sadabad, Sahanpur, Jalaun, Lakhimpur, Kurara, Anpara, Gopiganj, Chhata, Sandila, Harraiya, Jewar, Robertsganj, Ramkola, Khekra, Bharthana, Kiratpur, Fatehabad, Sikandra Rao, Jyotiba Phule Nagar, Nautanwa, Jhansi Cantonment, Chilkana Sultanpur, Bangarmau, Usawan, Jais, Tilhar, Fatehpur Chaurasi, Deoband, Khatauli, Rudarpur, Beswan, Kanpur, Tundla, Nawabganj, Kerakat, Jalalabad, Aliganj, Dibiyapur, Purdil Nagar, Sirsaganj, Orai, Biswan, Dhanaura, Shikarpur, Behat, Hasanpur, Sikandarabad, Gautam Buddh Nagar, Modinagar, Nihtaur, Chitrakut Dham, Nichlaul, Khamaria, Bikapur, Jalesar, Loni, Barhani, Musafirkhana, Jasrana, Jansath, Varanasi, Jalalpur, Vrindavan, Kota, Sikandra, Gajraula, Khalilabad, Beniganj, Sardhana, Babrala, Bahjoi, Kundarki, Puranpur, Siyana, Baraut, Phaphund, Agra, Rampura, Ramnagar, Muradnagar, Dhampur, Pilkhuwa, Najibabad, Bilsanda, Dudhinagar, Gola Gokarannath, Greater Noida, Mathura Cantonment, Bindki, Kosi Kalan, Ganj Muradabad, Nagina, Bhatpar Rani, Alapur, Prayagraj Cantonment, Mankapur, Manikpur, Sahaswan, Bilari, Chandpur, Varanasi Cantonment, Bisalpur, Faizabad Cantonment, Bidhuna, Aurangabad, Fatehgarh, Kalpi, Lalganj, Renukut, Bisauli, Dibai, Karhal, Bilhaur, Sherkot, Nakur, Rasra, Seohara, Safipur, Hapur, Daurala, Kishni, Anupshahr, Obra, Rath, Dasna, Tanda, Gunnaur, Barva Sagar, Konch, Mauranipur, Jaunpur, Kishanpur, Bareilly Cantonment, Thakurdwara, Shahganj, Kunda, Ayodhya, Bulandshahar, Mawana, Miranpur, Kanth, Kharkhoda, Budaun, Gursahaiganj, Bhinga, Colonelganj, Zamania, Pandit Deendayal Upadhyay Nagar, Chandauli, Sirsa, Bhadohi, Sidhpura, Rae Bareilly, Karnawal, Sarsawan, Noida, Gyanpur, Shikohabad, Bhongaon, Shahjahanpur Cantonment, Gangoh, Gokul, Khurja, Hata, Sahibabad, Patti, Gulaothi, Anandnagar, Fatehpur Sikri, Chunar, Ghosia Bazar, Mursan, Pahasu, Nizamabad, Agra Cantonment, Kheri, Hyderabad, Kairana, Banda, Dadri.
Balod, Baloda Bazar, Balrampur, Bastar, Bemetara, Bijapur, Bilaspur, Dantewada, Dhamtari, Durg, Gariaband, Janjgir-Champa, Jashpur, Kabirdham, Kanker, Kondagaon, Korba, Koriya, Mahasamund, Mungeli, Narayanpur, Raigarh, Raipur, Rajnandgaon, Sukma, Surajpur, Surguja, Pathalgaon, Dongragarh, Bilha, Kharsia, Saraipali, Mahendragarh, Tildanewra, Jashpurnagar, Champa, Khairagarh, Sarajpur, Bhatapara, Bagbahara, Kurud, Bhilai, Pendra, Baloda, Jagdalpur, Katghora, Sarangarh, Kawardha, Pithora, Ramanuj Ganj, Kumhari, Telgaon, Chirmiri, Bemetra, Kota, Ambikapur, Dongargaon, Sakti, Urla, Charoda.
Agar Malwa, Alirajpur, Anuppur, Ashoknagar, Balaghat, Barwan, Betul, Bhind, Bhopal, Burhanpur, Chhatarpur, Chhindwara, Damoh, Datia, Dewas, Dhar, Dindori, East Nimar, Guna, Gwalior, Harda, Hoshangabad, Indore, Jabalpur, Jhabua, Katni, Mandla, Mandsaur, Morena, Narsinghpur, Neemuch, Niwari, Panna, Raisen, Rajgarh, Ratlam, Rewa, Sagar, Satna, Sehore, Seoni, Shahdol, Shajapur, Sheopur, Shivpuri, Sidhi, Singrauli, Tikamgarh, Ujjain, Umaria, Vidisha, West Nimar, Agar, Khandwa, Khargone, Sukhlia, Loha Mandi, Pithampur, Palda, Narmadapuram, Lasudia , Budasa, Patan, Shahpur, Sonkatch, Pachmarhi, Birsinghpur, Depalpur, Bagli, Parasia, Maksi, Mau, Sarangpur, Malaj Khand, Garoth, Begamganj, Khetia, Machalpur, Barwani, Biaora, Joura, Shahpura, Maihar, Kailaras, Jawad, Multai, Mangawan, Anjad, Sagar Cantonment, Beohari, Jaora, Panagar, Gohad, Karera, Pipliya Mandi, Amarpatan, Gormi, Sihora, Barwaha, Jirapur, Khujner, Manasa, Pichhore, Rajpur, Rampura, Maheshwar, Manawar, Katangi, Bagh, Kotma, Babai, Nalkheda, Alot, Khirkiya, Sanchi, Sitamau, Gairatganj, Malhargarh, Shamgarh, Dabra, Ichhawar, Gadarwara, Vijayraghavgarh, Basoda, Bamaniya, Nagod, Dhamnod, Shujalpur, Rau, Nepa Nagar, Kukshi, Rahatgarh, Betul Bazar, Banda, Pipariya, Udaipura, Badnagar, Bina-Etawa, Mhow, Khajuraho, Amarwara, Berasia, Sendhwa, Mandleshwar, Khurai, Sultanpur, Khilchipur, Jabalpur G.C.F, Baraily, Sausar, Tarana, Malanpur, Jabalpur Cantonment, Badnawar, Petlawad, Bijuri, Timarni, Sironj, Sohagpur, Mandideep, Kareli, Tekanpur, Harsud, Bhainsdehi, Pandhurna, Ashta, Hanumana, Ratlam Kasba, Khategaon, Itarsi, Kasrawad, Ganjbasoda, Chanderi, Rampur Baghelan, Bina Railway Colony, Kurwai, Sanawad, Chichli, Kothi, Nagda, Baihar, Indergarh,,
Perundurai, Thirumazhisai, Melur, Cuddalore, Theni Allinagaram, Kallakkurichi, Sayapuram, Agaram, Sivakasi, Thiruvithankodu, Maraimalai Nagar, Madhavaram, Vadalur, Musiri, Pudukkottai , Kundrathur, Srivaikuntam, Surandai, Bargur, Sholinganallur, Kodambakkam, Palladam, Mulanur, Punjaipugalur, Kelambakkam, Minambakkam, Pennagaram, Kotagiri, Jalakandapuram, Hosur, Bhavani, Tiruchchendur, Punjai Thottakurichi, Vadakarai Kizhpadugai, Ettaiyapuram, Ganapathipuram, Panruti, Ramapuram, Arcot, Vaniyambadi, Mudukulathur, Dhalavoipuram, Gingi, Kadayal, Ayyampettai, Natrampalli, Anaimalai, Kallidaikurichchi, Vadamadurai, Karaikkudi, Pernambut, Kamayagoundanpatti, Vijayapuri, Palayamkottai, Minjur, Thanjavur, Attur, Neyveli, Gandhi Nagar, Dharmapuri, Maduranthakam, Ulundurpettai, Auroville, Vaithiswarankoil, Paramakkudi, Kolachal, Kangayam, Kamuthi, Usilampatti, Vadakku Valliyur, Aralvaimozhi, Belur, Kadathur, Kariamangalam, Inam Karur, Odaiyakulam, Nagapattinam, Udankudi, Arimalam, Mallapuram, Pattiviranpatti, Tirupur, Kaliyakkavilai, Iluppur, Coonoor, Kariapatti, Uttamapalaiyam, Dharapuram, Annur, Vasudevanallur, Ariyalur, Kulithalai, Avadi, Manapparai, Ambasamudram, Tharangambadi, Athanur, Rameswaram, Taramangalam, Sankarankoil, Udagamandalam, Natham, Theni, Kumbakonam, Vellakoil, Kumarapuram, Mayiladuthurai, Alwar Tirunagari, Thiruvalam, Zamin Uthukuli, Coimbatore, Nasiyanur, Chennai, Namakkal, Pallipalaiyam, Vandavasi, Kelamangalam, Kottur, Madurai, Tiruvottiyur, Idappadi, Kalavai, Tiruvallur, Thirunirmalai, Mahabalipuram, Alangulam, Gudiyattam, Vikravandi, Perambalur, Singaperumalkoil, Kovilpatti, Vengavasal, Vilapakkam, Anthiyur, Karumathampatti, Thiruporur, Swamimalai, Madukkarai, Arantangi, Manavalakurichi, Pammal, Urapakkam, Valangaiman, Nagercoil, Singampuneri, Madippakkam, Kinathukadavu, Tirumangalam, Mangadu, Tirupattur, Harur, Puliyankudi, Pollachi, Thuthipattu, Perungalathur, Dindigul, Omalur, Komarapalayam, Thiruvarur, Parangippettai, Kambam, Pallipattu, Acharapakkam, Peraiyur, Sirumugai, Rasipuram, Srirangam, Virudhachalam, Adyar, Thisayanvilai, Polur, Vandalur, Nanguneri, Sattur, Tiruchengode, Aruppukkottai, Kuzhithurai, Kunnathur, Tindivanam, Devakottai, Alangudi, Uthangarai, Kottakuppam, Ranipet, Sankari, Sathyamangalam, Nallur, Sholingur, Tiruverambur, Sirkali, Ramanathapuram, Kolathur, Nannilam, Athani, Karur, Chennimalai, Kattuputhur, Salem, Sivagiri, Nilgiris, Kaveripattinam, Gobichettipalayam, Periyakulam, Cheyyar, Ambur, Chinalapatti, Papanasam, Tiruvannamalai, Aravakurichi, Mallur, Chinna Salem, Sivaganga, Erode, Udumalaipettai, Anakaputhur, Palakkodu, Arni, Maduravoyal, Virudhunagar, Kattumannarkoil, Pudukkottai, Tirupathur, Lalgudi, Tenkasi, Thondamuthur, Chennasamudram, Tirukkoyilur, Arakonam, Sulur, Melvisharam, Kollankoil, Chengalpattu, Ooty, Thiruthangal, Kalugumalai, Udayarpalayam, Krishnagiri, Gummidipoondi, Chembarambakkam, Peravurani, Tiruverkadu, Kayalpattinam, Punjai Puliyampatti, Tuticorin, Kalpakkam, Gangavalli, Srimushnam, Pattukkottai, Saravanampatti, Vilathikulam, Denkanikottai, Muthupet, Thirumalayampalayam, Guduvanchery, Chatrapatti, Madanur, Thuvakudi, Arani, Bhuvanagiri, Perungudi, Kanchipuram, Kodaikanal, Karamadai, Kanyakumari, Mukkudal, Huligal, Nellikkuppam, Panapakkam, Uthiramerur, Shenkottai, Kilvelur, Nilakkottai, Mettur, Kanakkampalayam, Mamallapuram, Gudalur, Thirunindravur, Puliyur, Tiruchirappalli, Uttukkuli, Villupuram, Mannargudi, Nerkunram, Tirunelveli, Manachanallur, Thottiyam, Walajapet, Ponneri, Kumarapalayam, Porur, Jayankondam, Mettupalayam, Valavanur, Vedaranniyam, Vriddhachalam, Srivilliputtur, Pappireddipatti, Orathanadu, Kadayanallur, Manamadurai, Puzhal, Palani, Edaikodu, Annavasal, Adiramapattinam, Oddanchatram, Avinashi, Mylapore, Valasaravakkam, Mattur, Pandamangalam, Chidambaram, Katpadi, Thevaram, Elayirampannai, Sriperumpudur, Madambakkam, Chinnammanur, Bodinayakkanur, Virakeralam, Thiruthuraipundi, Kilakarai, Rajapalayam, Vellore, Kallakurichi, Kanniyakumari, Thoothukudi, Tiruppur, Tiruvarur, Viluppuram, Ambattur, Parrys, Broadway, Guindy, Madhavaram, Padi, Sriperumbudur, Injambakkam, Mudichur, Park town, Sowcarpet, , Vadapalani, Teynampet, Velachery, Mannivakkam Perambur, Thuraipakkam, Tondiarpet.
Adilabad, Bhadradri Kothagudem, Hyderabad, Jagitial, Jangaon, Jayashankar Bhupalapally, Jogulamba Gadwal, Kamareddy, Karimnagar, Khammam, Kumarambheem Asifabad, Mahabubabad, Mahabubnagar, Mancherial district, Medak, Medchal–Malkajgiri, Mulugu, Nagarkurnool, Narayanpet, Nalgonda, Nirmal, Nizamabad, Peddapalli, Rajanna Sircilla, Ranga Reddy, Sangareddy, Siddipet, Suryapet, Vikarabad, Wanaparthy, Warangal Rural, Warangal Urban, Yadadri Bhuvanagiri, Adilabad, Kothagudem, Bhupalpalle, Gadwal, Asifabad, Mancherial, Shamirpet, Sircilla, Shamshabad, Warangal, Bhongir, Secunderabad, Ranigunj, Yellandu, Medchal, Manuguru, Palwancha, Patancheru, Ranga Reddy district, Miryalaguda, Sathupalle, Ramagundam, Bhainsa, Armoor, Narsampet, Ghatkesar, Jagtial, Zahirabad, Koratla, Tandur, Kodada, Gajwel, Bodhan, Sarapaka, Bhadrachalam.
Anantapur, Chittoor, East Godavari, Guntur, Kadapa, Krishna, Kurnool, Sri Potti Sri Ramulu Nellore, Prakasam, Srikakulam, Visakhapatnam, Vizianagaram, West Godavari, Kakinada, Machilipatnam, Nellore, Ongole, Eluru, Renigunta, Hukumpeta, Chirala, Rajam, Markapur, Kurmannapalem, Suriapet, Madanapalle, Mancheral, Razam, Kanigiri, Pendurthi, Palmaner, Mandapeta, West Godavari Dist., Alampur, Dharmavaram, Narsapur, Tadepalligudem, Pedana, Avanigadda, Ramachandrapuram, Tirvuru, Nandigama, Tadpatri, East Godavari Dist., Peddapuram, Qutubullapur, Gopalapatnam, Uppal Kalan, Bestavaripeta, Pamur, Sirsilla, Pedagantyada, Guti, Puttur, Rameswaram, Kamalapuram, Nagari, Chimakurthy, Kavali, Rajampet, Bapatla, Turangi, Anakapalle, Jammalamadugu, Proddatur, Srikalahasti, Dhone, Penugonda, Narasaraopet, Amur, Tirumala, Vetapalem, Tiruchanur, Palasa, Tuni, Guntakal, Amalapuram, Garacharma, Nandyal, Punganuru, Kuppam, Hindupur, Yemmiganur, Gudur, Sirpur, Rajendranagar, Choutuppal, Salur, Tekkali, Vemalwada, Narayanavanam, Bobbili, Sattenapalle, Mandasa, Gudivada, Adoni, Pulivendla, Chilakaluripet, Uravakonda, Kollapur, Prasantinilayam, Atmakur, Badvel, Trimulgherry, Tenali, Bhimavaram, Nuzvid, Chandur, Karnul, Cuddapah, Kazipet, Ravulapalam, Marturu, Betamcherla, Sulurpeta, Yadagirigutta, Pakala, Nidadavole, Godavarikhani, Repalle, Cumbum, Gannavaram, Nayudupeta, Narsipatnam, Tirupati, Rajahmundry, Palakole, Ajjaram, Samalkot, Kamareddi, Pithapuram, Vijayawada, Chinagantyada, Bapulapadu, Chodavaram, Tanuku, Macherla, Challapalle, Kadiri, Mahabubnagar, Yellamanchili, Akividu, Jaggayyapeta, Gajuvaka, Vinukonda, Kovvur, Singarayakonda, Seetharampuram, Kovur, Andole, Mangalagiri.
Bangalore / Bengaluru , Hubli, Belgaum , Mysuru / Mysore, Shivamogga, Gulbarga, Tumakuru, Davangere, Udupi, Ballari, Bidar, Dharwad , Hampi, Biljapur, Chitradurga, Badami, Hassan, Hosapete, Chikmaglur, Raichur, Gadag, Madikeri, Srirangapatna, Mandya, Bhadravathi, Bagalkot, Karwar, Belur, Uttara Kannada, Pattadakal, Gangavathi, Halebidu, Ranebennur, Hassan, Kolar, Dandeli, Gulbarga, Sringeri, Robertsonpet, Bijapur, Aihole, Manipal, Gadag, Devanahalli, Koppal, Kolar, Manipal, Doddaballapur, Sakleshpur, Karkala.
Kochi, Thiruvananthapuram, Tirvandrum, Kozhikode, Thrissur, Kollam, Kannur, Kottayam, Alappuzha, Palakkad, Munnar , Varkala , Thalassery, Kovalam, Kasaragod, Aluva, Perinthalmanna, Pathanamthitta, chalakuddy, Thodupuzha, Punalur, Tirur, Guruvayur, Kodungallur, Thiruvalla, Malappuram, Muvattupuzha, Kumarakom, Kollam, Tripunithura, Nilambur, Adoor, Kalpetta, Cherthala, Chegannur, Vadakara, Kayamkulam, Ottapalam, Kottarakkara, Vaikom, Ponnani, Kanhangad, Changanacherry, Mattancherry, Kothamangalam, Kalamassery, Koyilandy, Pala, Chavakkad, Perumbavoor, Beypore
Anantnag, Bandipore, Baramulla, Budgam, Doda, Ganderbal, Jammu, Kathua, Kishtwar, Kulgam, Kupwara, Poonch, Pulwama, Rajauri, Ramban, Reasi, Samba, Shopian district, Srinagar, Udhampur, Leh, Kargil, Kishtwar, Shupiyan, Ganderbal,Kartholi, Lassipora, Rangreth, Sopore, Shalteng, Lassipora, Ghatti, Budgam, Trikuta Nagar, Bakshi Nagar, Bishnah, Digiana, Kothi Bagh.
Central Delhi, North Delhi, South Delhi, East Delhi, North East Delhi, South West Delhi, New Delhi, North West Delhi, West Delhi, South Eest Delhi, Daryaganj, Sadar Bazaar, Saket, Preet Vihar, Shahdara, Palam, Connaught Place, Kanjhawala, Rajouri Garden, Defence Colony,Ajmeri Gate, Rohini, Nawada, Anand Parbat, Mundka.
South Andaman, North And Middle Andaman, Nicobars, Portblair, Mayabunder, Car Nicobar, Garacharma, Pahargaon,Pathergudda, Junglighat.
Kavaratti, Agethi
Daman, Diu, Dadra, Nagar Haveli, Naroli, Dabhel, Silvassa.
Karaikal, Mahe, Pondicherry, Yanam, Kurumbapet, Manavely, Ozhukarai, Thirumalairayanpattinam, Villianur, Puducherry.
Chandigarh
507 / 508, 5th Floor, Parekh Market, 39 J.S.S. Road, Opera House, Mumbai –400004
All India Metal Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
TOOTITE Nano Hydroxyapatite Powder a premium, synthetic hydroxyapatite designed specifically for oral care applications. Free from animal origin, TOOTITE powder features an acicular shape and average crystallite size of 20-40 nm, closely resembling the structure and morphology of human tooth enamel. TOOTITE is biocompatible and bioactive tested under ISO 10993-5-2009 and 10993-12-2012 to ensure safety with no adverse cellular effects. TOOTITE is a TSC/BSC free, vegan, and
osteoconductive powder.
Ideal for Fluoride-Free Oral Care Solutions: TOOTITE nano-hydroxyapatite is an excellent ingredient for formulating toothpastes, toothpaste tablets, mouthwashes, tooth powders, dental varnishes, and chewing gums. It offers a fluoride-free approach to superior dental care by supporting enamel remineralization, treating dentin hypersensitivity, and providing lasting protection against dental erosion.
TOOTITE (Nano Hydroxyapatite) resembles human teeth in composition. It offers an excellent alternative to fluoride-based dental products.
Toothpastes and Toothpaste Tablets: 5 to 15% w/w
Mouthwashes : 15.5 % suspension in water.
The suspensions can be sterilized by autoclaving at 120 o C for 15 minutes without affecting the properties of Nano Hydroxyapatite.
Ordering Information | Average Particle Size | Particle Morphology |
TOOTITE-40 | 20-40 nm | Acicular |
TOOTITE-100 | 100 nm | Acicular |
TOOTITE-2 | 2 µm | Spherical |
TOOTITE- M100 | 50-100 µm | Spherical |
Mechanism of Action: Nano-hydroxyapatite particles (20-40 nm) readily infiltrate and fill exposed dentine tubules, which is approximately 80-100 nm. By blocking external stimuli from reaching the pulp, TOOTITE provides relief from sharp pain and sensitivity. Its unique properties facilitate the supply of calcium and phosphorus ions, which actively contribute to forming a new apatite layer, reinforcing tooth enamel, and preventing decay.
TOOTITE Hydroxyapatite helps manage dentine hypersensitivity by occluding exposed dentinal tubules. This action reduces fluid movement within the tubules, which in turn minimizes nerve stimulation and pain. The nano-sized TOOTITE particles are particularly effective because they can penetrate and bind to the collagen and TOOTITE in dentine, forming a protective barrier.
TOOTITE-M100, with its micro spherical particles, provides a smoother mouthfeel and gentle abrasion compared to traditional abrasives like calcium carbonate.
TOOTITE Hydroxyapatite enhances teeth brightness and whiteness by creating a synthetic enamel layer that reflects more light, resulting in a whiter appearance. This physiological whitening effect is long-lasting and less abrasive, as TOOTITE remineralizes the enamel, making it smoother and glossier.
SOILTITE Nano and Micro hydroxyapatite powder is available in spherical and acicular shapes. SOILTITE average particle sizes is 80 μm, 2 μm, 200 nm, 40 nm, and 60 nm. SOILTITE Nano and Micro Hydroxyapatite is used in soil remediation for different solutions.
The presence of heavy metals in soils is a serious environmental issue, as these metals can enter the food chain and affect living beings. SOILTITE (Nano & Micro) Hydroxyapatite is highly effective in immobilizing heavy metals like lead, zinc, copper, cadmium, and arsenic in contaminated soils. Adding 0.5% to 1% of Hydroxyapatite to
the soil has been shown to improve the growth of maize and bean plants, though higher percentages should be used carefully.
When SOILTITE is added to the soil, it reduces the accumulation of cadmium in plants like rape and cabbage. It also increases the phosphatase activity in the soil. For remediation purposes, typical use levels are around 15 g/kg.
SOILTITE (Nano & Micro) Hydroxyapatite is a versatile material with great potential for managing environmental issues. It can adsorb pollutants, adjust its acidity or basicity, and exchange ions, making it excellent for controlling soil pollution. Additionally, it can be sourced from natural and waste materials, which supports sustainable development.
This material can attract and hold pollutants on its surface, making it useful for cleaning up water and soil. Depending on its composition, hydroxyapatite can act as either an acid or a base, which is helpful for various chemical reactions and environmental clean-up processes. It can also swap its calcium ions with harmful metal ions in polluted soil,
effectively removing these pollutants. Another advantage is that it remains stable at high temperatures, which is beneficial for processes involving heat.
Using SOILTITE Nano Hydroxyapatite as adsorbents, such as supporting active phases in catalysis, promotes a zero-waste approach. Employing hydroxyapatite in pollution control not only helps remove contaminants but also contributes to resource recovery, making it a sustainable and environmentally friendly option.
| Particle Morphology | Average Particle Size | Phase Purity |
| Spherical | 80 μm | 99% |
| Spherical | 2 μm | 96% |
| Spherical / Acicular-like | 200 nm | 96% |
| Acicular | 40 nm or 60 nm | 96% |
COSMETITE-40 nano hydroxyapatite powder is available in an acicular shape with an average crystallite size of 40 nm. COSMETITE-40 nano hydroxyapatite powder is made from natural mineral sources and is TSE/BSE free.
COSMETITE-40 has excellent protein adsorption properties, removes dirt & dead cells of skin, gently, without damaging the skin. This allows making face wash formulations without the use of harsh exfoliating or scrubbing ingredients.
Accelerated collagen production would be done by COSMETITE-40 by stimulating cells called fibroblasts, which is responsible for structure, elasticity & firmness of the skin.
COSMETITE-40 is incorporated into various skincare products, including creams, lotions, and serums. It offers benefits such as enhanced skin hydration, increased collagen production, and improved skin elasticity.
COSMETITE-40 powder is also used in sunscreens as a physical UV filter. It helps to protect the skin from harmful UV radiation by reflecting and scattering the sun rays.
AIMTITE Hydroxyapatite powder is a synthetic micro Hydroxyapatite bio ceramic powder is of spherical shape, with a chemical composition similar to the bone. AIMTITE is most suited for application in Thermal spraying of biomedical metallic implants to form a bioactive coat, 3D printing, bio inks, Plasma Spraying, bone coating, bone repair & filling & synthetic bone substitute.
AIMTITE is biocompatible & has no adverse side effects on the cells using methods as per ISO standards 10993-5-2009 & 10993-12-2012. The usual average particle size used is between 100-150 microns, but can be tailor made as per customer requirements. For 3D printing applications special particle sizes are available.
The 3D printing of neat hydroxyapatite scaffolds is as a matter of fact difficult to obtain. To obtain target-specific scaffolds hydroxyapatite is either processed with sacrificial materials like polymers or other materials like ceramics or bioactive glass. Moreover, binders like polyacrylamide, PVA, sodium polyacrylate, maltodextrin, etc. thus are used. The 3D constructed components have controlled architecture and porosity. The hydroxyapatite “ink” can be cell-free or have cell-encapsulated materials. Various techniques & moreover, for example, β – Tricalcium phosphate, Calcium sulfate, silk-fibroin, graphene, CNTs etc. have been used to fabricate hydroxyapatite scaffolds.
Thermal Spraying Hydroxyapatite, [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2], is used in biomedical applications including orthopedic device, dental replacements, tissue engineering & bioactive coating. Hydroxyapatite is used regularly for coating either metallic implants of SS316L or Titanium or Ti6Al4V due its excellent biocompatibility & bioactivity.
Hydroxyapatite stimulates strong a bond between metal & bone. Moreover, Hydroxyapatite coating shields the release of metallic ions of the implant into the body. Thermal spraying is an FDA-approved method for coating biomedical implants.
low flame temperature & high flow velocity of hydroxyapatite particles. For example, typical spray parameters for coating hydroxyapatite on implants are as follows & usually will vary according to the type of equipment & the hydroxyapatite used:
Thermal spraying-based techniques produce thick coatings of several tens of micrometers, even though the use of a feedstock as a solution or suspension can result in thinner coatings (5 to 10 μm) when compared with thermal spraying when using dry powders.
Knee implants – Hydroxyapatite coatings have also been used in un – cemented knee prostheses, with coatings applied by plasma spraying to the femoral &/or tibial components. These have more than 20 years of clinical use. For un-cemented hips, the use of un-cemented knee prostheses is generally, for most part, recommended for younger patients (< 60 years).
Plasma-Spray Method is above all used for coating o dental & orthopedic implants. A coating on Titanium or Ti6Al4V can be achieved using this method for the most part. Thinner films of hydroxyapatite ordinarily can be deposited on metal substrates using Suspension Plasma Spray (SPS).
Usually adding Titanium to Hydroxyapatite improves the bonding strength of the coating from about 14.5 to 17.3 MPa. Not to mention that an increase in the adhesion of the coating layer to the implant can be observed if Titanium content increases.
Hydroxyapatite reinforced with 10%w/w of a mix of 80Al2O3 +20TiO2 on Ti6Al4V, moreover, enhances adhesion strength in this case to above 32 MPa.
Sol-Gel Dip Coating Method for applying hydroxyapatite layers involves the formation of Sol-Gel using Calcium Nitrate & Phosphorus pentoxide or triethyl phosphate using aqueous or alcoholic solvents for the most part. Moreover, this is followed by dipping the substrate into the sol-gel over time. It is simply subsequently withdrawn & then dried.
This process is thus simple, fast, cheap & in particular, allows uniform deposition of hydroxyapatite onto complex surfaces at low temperatures.
Electrochemical The electrochemical Deposition Method in particular allows progressive nucleation & growth of hydroxyapatite coat. This leads to a demonstrably homogenous deposition, controlled thickness & reduced decomposition of the hydroxyapatite layer. Besides, Cathodic deposition systems used are either Electrophoretic or Electrolytic.
Likewise, Graphite or Platinum are used as anodes. Hydroxyapatite can additionally be combined with CNTs, ZrO2, TiO2, etc. to achieve better properties. The following table is guidance, comparing electrodeposition methods drawn from various references.
High-Velocity Suspension Plasma Spraying (HVSPS) Method for coating metal substrates, by all means, enhances bioactivity, prevents wearing & corrosion of implants as well as controls the release of harmful metal ions in the body. This method is especially widely used.
The High-Velocity Oxygen-Fuel (HVOF) allows for the formation of a suspension spraying layer. In the same manner, the high velocity of powders allows the formation of a uniform protective coat with low porosity.
Fine or Nano Powders of Hydroxyapatite can be thermally sprayed directly using plasma or gas jets. Aqueous medium &/or Diethylene Glycol suspensions of hydroxyapatite can also be used. Additionally, the coating produced does not delaminate from the substrate significantly.
| Application of Aimtite | Average Particle Sizes (μm) |
| 3D Printing | 15 100 200 |
| Thermal Spraying | 15 50 100 – 150 |
| Bone Coating | 50 |
| Bone Repair | 200 3mm |
| Bone Filling | 3mm |
| Application of Aimtite | Average Particle Sizes (μm) |
| 3D Printing | 15 100 200 |
| Thermal Spraying | 15 50 100 – 150 |
| Bone Coating | 50 |
| Bone Repair | 200 3mm |
| Bone Filling | 3mm |
Bonite Hydroxyapatite Powder of either acicular (needle-shaped) or short – rod-like in morphology. These powder are best suited for artificial bone (bone grafts), bone scaffolds (for bone defect reconstruction). The average particle sizes are 20 nm.
| Particle Morphology | Average particle Size | Phase Purity |
| Acicular | 20nm | 97.5% or 99% |
| Short rod-like | 20nm | 99% |
VARNOTITE is a bio mimetic fluoride-free 15.5% Nano Hydroxyapatite paste for formulating tooth varnishes or toothpastes which help in whitening teeth as well as conditions of root sensitivity, cavity arrest & reversal, hypoplastic enamel.
Our VARNOTITE allows tooth varnish or toothpaste formulas to become safe, efficacious and non-toxic & thus versatile for use by all ages & pregnant women.
A varnish formulated using VARNOTITE is advantageously used for:
Persons who want to biomimetic whitening of their teeth
Nourishing saliva, boosting natural remineralization process, filling microporous cavities & demineralized areas for putting directly on tooth surface
Patients with chronic tooth or root sensitivity
Kids and adults with demineralization or active cavities that need reversal &/or arrest
Anyone with hypoplastic or under mineralized enamel, needing extra protection
Anyone in active orthodontic aligners, braces, trays, or appliances
Anyone who is considered at high-risk for cavities or sensitivity
How is a tooth varnish containing VARNOTITE applied?
Applying the varnish is simple & quick. The patients’ teeth are dried and then varnish is quickly painted onto individual tooth and exposed tooth surfaces.
What precautions are to be taken after application of varnish?
What will the mouth experience on application of varnish?
Immediately on application one will feel as if a thin coating has been applied on the teeth. There is no stickiness or unpleasant after taste.
What are the use levels of VARNOTITE while formulating the varnish?
The usage level of VARNOTITE in formulating varnishes or toothpastes is about 57.4%. This allows formulation level of about 8.6% of VARNOTITE in the final formulation.
What are other compatible ingredients that can be used in the varnish or toothpaste formulation?
L-Arginine &/or prebiotics can be used that support & nourish the oral cavity microflora.
Which ingredients that should not be used in the varnish or toothpaste formulation?
It is recommended not to use carriers like hexanes or polypropylene glycol
Ceramic coated pipes are a revolutionary addition to the world of plumbing and fluid transport. Here’s some information about them:
What are Ceramic Coated Pipes? Ceramic coated pipes are metal pipes that have been treated with a ceramic layer. This ceramic layer is created through a process called thermal spraying, where a ceramic material is heated until it becomes molten, then sprayed onto the pipe’s surface where it solidifies and bonds with the metal.
Benefits of Ceramic Coated Pipes
Applications of Ceramic Coated Pipes Ceramic coated pipes are used in a variety of industries, including oil and gas, mining, power generation, and chemical processing. They are particularly useful in situations where pipes are exposed to corrosive substances, high temperatures, or abrasive materials.
In conclusion, ceramic coated pipes offer a durable and efficient solution for many industrial applications. Their superior performance characteristics can lead to cost savings over time due to reduced maintenance and replacement costs. Whether it’s for a small-scale plumbing project or a large industrial operation, ceramic coated pipes are a smart choice for reliable and long-lasting fluid transport.
Protects the pipe externally from extreme corrosive conditions, including seawater.
Provides insulation by not allowing heat/cold to get transferred to the atmosphere etc.
The coating can resist very high temperatures & does not peel off.
Thin coat does not increase weight of the pipes.
